Eficácia dos enxertos de tecido mole e substitutos teciduais em procedimentos de recobrimento radicular: revisão da literatura

Roberta Michels
Mestre e doutoranda em Implantodontia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brasil. Pesquisadora assistente, Universidade de Berna, Suíça.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4882-0852

Giuliano Zorzo
Graduando em Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
ORCID: 0009-0005-1227-3692

Ana Clara Kuerten Gil
Mestre e doutoranda em Implantodontia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5544-8310

Kelly Batista Maier
Mestranda em Implantodontia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1873-135X

Cesar Augusto Magalhães Benfatti
Professor de Periodontia e Implantodontia, Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4209-0054

 Ricardo de Souza Magini
Professor de Periodontia e Implantodontia, Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3024-6338

Gabriel Leonardo Magrin
Professor de Periodontia e Implantodontia, Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0724-0560

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.71440/2675-5610.10.4.25.476-488.art    

 

RESUMO

Objetivos: Analisar a eficácia do uso de enxertos e substitutos teciduais no tratamento da recessão gengival, avaliando ganhos quantitativos (em mm) e melhorias qualitativas na integração e na estética tecidual. Material e métodos: Foram pesquisados artigos científicos relacionados ao uso de enxertos de tecido mole e substitutos teciduais em procedimentos de recobrimento radicular nas bases de dados PubMed e Google Acadêmico, sem filtros adicionais. Resultados: A estratégia de busca identificou inicialmente 250 referências; após a triagem de títulos e resumos, 90 estudos foram avaliados na íntegra, dos quais 25 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os enxertos teciduais autógenos destacaram-se como a principal opção terapêutica, apresentando ganho médio de recobrimento radicular entre 2,5 e 3,0 mm. Em contrapartida, os substitutos teciduais não autógenos demonstraram ganho médio de aproximadamente 2,0 mm, sendo especialmente indicados em casos de recessões múltiplas, nos quais o tecido doador autógeno é limitado. Conclusão: Embora o enxerto autógeno seja considerado o padrão-ouro para recessões unitárias, suas limitações em casos múltiplos evidenciam a necessidade de alternativas. Os substitutos de tecido mole apresentam resultados promissores, mas requerem investigações adicionais para confirmar sua eficácia.

Palavras-chave: enxerto gengival; recobrimento radicular; enxertos de tecido conjuntivo; matriz de colágeno; revisão da literatura.

Efficacy of soft tissue grafts and tissue substitutes for root coverage procedures: a literature review

 

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To analyze the efficacy of grafts and tissue substitutes in the treatment of gingival recession, evaluating quantitative gains (measured in mm) and qualitative improvements in tissue integration and aesthetics. Material and methods: Scientific articles related to the use of soft tissue grafts and tissue substitutes in root coverage procedures were searched in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases with no additional filters. Results: The search strategy initially retrieved 250 references. After screening titles and abstracts, 90 studies were fully analyzed, of which 25 met the inclusion criteria. Autogenous tissue grafts stood out as the primary therapeutic option, achieving an average root coverage gain between 2.5 and 3.0 mm. In contrast, non autogenous tissue substitutes demonstrated an average gain of approximately 2.0 mm and were particularly recommended for multiple recessions where autogenous donor tissue is limited. Conclusion: Although autogenous grafts are considered the gold standard for single recessions, their limitations in multiple cases highlight the need for alternatives. Soft tissue substitutes show promising results but require further research to confirm their efficacy.

Keywords: gingival graft; root coverage; connective tissue grafts; collagen matrix; literature review.

 

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