Etiologia e tratamento cirúrgico das recessões gengivais

RESUMO

A migração apical da margem gengival com exposição da superfície radicular é denominada recessão gengival, possui alta prevalência na população e aumenta em quantidade e severidade com o passar dos anos. O tratamento desta alteração pode ser necessário, já que o paciente pode apresentar lesões cervicais cariosas ou não cariosas, hipersensibilidade dentinária cervical, controle inadequado de biofilme, perda de inserção periodontal progressiva e queixas estéticas. Existem diversas possibilidades de técnicas cirúrgicas para o tratamento da recessão gengival, e a combinação que mostra resultados mais favoráveis é a realização de um retalho posicionado coronalmente e um enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial. O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura e apresentar um caso clínico acerca da etiologia, prognóstico e tratamento cirúrgico da recessão gengival.

Palavras-chave – Recessão gengival; Tratamento cirúrgico; Enxerto gengival.

ABSTRACT

Gingival recession is defined by the apical migration of the gingival margin exposing the root surface. This alteration presents a high prevalence in the population and increases in number and severity along the years. The treatment of this condition may be necessary since the patient may present carious or non-carious cervical lesions, cervical dentinal hypersensitivity, inadequate plaque control, progressive periodontal attachment loss and aesthetic complaints. There are several surgical techniques to treat gingival recessions and the procedure that shows more favorable results is the combination of a coronally positioned flap and a subepithelial connective tissue graft. The aim of this article is to review the literature and present a clinical case about the etiology, prognosis, and surgical treatment of gingival recession.

Key words – Gingival recession; Surgical treatment; Gingival graft.

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