Relação entre risco de câncer e periodontite

AUTORES

André Willian Ikert
Cirurgião-dentista – Centro Universitário Unifacvest.
Orcid: 0000-0002-0437-8321.

Laís Cardoso Pinto
Acadêmica – Centro Universitário Unifacvest.
Orcid: 0000-0002-6667-883X.

Alexia Catarina Carpes
Acadêmica – Centro Universitário Unifacvest.
Orcid: 0000-0003-4849-0515.

Carla Cioato Piardi
Mestra em Clínica Odontológica/Periodontia – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Professora – Centro Universitário Unifacvest.
Orcid: 0000-0001-6040-8153.

RESUMO

Objetivo: revisar a literatura sobre a relação entre periodontite e o risco de câncer. Material e métodos: foram realizadas buscas em bases de dados eletrônicas (PubMed, BVS, Scielo, Embase e Google Scholar) entre 1985 e 2020, sobre a associação entre câncer e periodontite, nos idiomas português, inglês, espanhol e italiano, usando uma combinação booleana de descritores MeSH. Resultados: das 83 referências iniciais, apenas 17 foram selecionadas, sendo nove estudos coorte (2.323.853 pacientes) e oito casos-controle (2.123 pacientes). A qualidade dos estudos ficou entre 6 e 9 (Escala NewCastle-Ottawa). Nos estudos coorte, os órgãos acometidos foram: pulmão, pâncreas, mama, esôfago, vesícula biliar, pele, estômago, cavidade oral, próstata e tecidos hematopoiéticos. Já nos estudos de caso-controle, foram realizadas análises com câncer de língua, carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço, carcinoma oral de células escamosas, vias aerodigestivas superiores, mama e orofaríngeo. Esses estudos demonstraram associação positiva entre a presença de periodontite e o risco de câncer, sendo estatisticamente significante para as neoplasias de pulmão, pâncreas, mama, esôfago, vesícula biliar, próstata, câncer colorretal, hematológico, oral e de estômago nos estudos de coorte. Já nos estudos de caso-controle, houve relação positiva entre a presença de periodontite e o câncer orofaríngeo de vias aéreas superiores, de mama, de língua, hepatocelular e carcinoma espinocelular. Conclusão: os achados deste estudo mostram uma associação entre as duas doenças aqui estudadas. No entanto, a literatura revisada sugere que mais estudos com tempos maiores de acompanhamento sejam realizados.

Palavras-chave – Câncer; Doença periodontal; Periodontite; Carcinoma; Doenças sistêmicas.

ABSTRACT

Objective: to review the literature on the relationship between periodontitis and cancer risk. Material and methods: searches were carried out in electronic databases (PubMed, VHL, Scielo, Embase and Google Scholar) between 1985 and 2020, about the association between cancer and periodontitis, in Portuguese, English, Spanish and Italian, using a Boolean combination of MeSH descriptors. Results: of the 83 initial references, only 17 were selected – 9 cohort studies (2,323,853 patients), 8 case-control (2,123 patients). The quality of the studies was between 6 and 9 (NewCastle-Ottawa scale). In the cohort studies, the organs affected were: lung, pancreas, breast, esophagus, gall bladder, skin, stomach, oral, prostate and hematological tissues. For case-control studies, analyses were made regarding tongue, head and neck, oral squamous cell carcinoma, upper aerodigestive tract, breast, and oropharyngeal cancer. These studies showed a positive association between the presence of periodontitis and the risk of cancer. This association was statistically significant for lung, pancreas, breast, esophagus, gall bladder, prostate, colorectal, hematological, oral and stomach cancer in cohort studies, while in case-control studies, there was a positive relationship between the presence of periodontitis and oropharyngeal cancer, from upper, breast, tongue, hepatocellular areas and squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: the findings of this study show an association between the two diseases studied here. However, the reviewed literature suggests that more studies with longer follow-up times should be carried out.

Key words – Cancer; Periodontal disease; Periodontitis; Carcinoma; Systemic diseases.

Recebido em jan/2021
Aprovado em fev/2021

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