Estudo microscópico do vidro bioativo associado à membrana biológica absorvível de pericárdio bovino para regeneração óssea em defeitos ósseos críticos de calvárias de ratos

Microscopic evaluation of bioactive glass associated with an absorbable bovine pericardium membrane for bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects in rats

DOI: https://doi.org/10.71440/2675-5610.11.1.26.48-53.art

Gustavo Luis Veroneze
Mestre em Implantodontia – Centro de Pós-graduação São Leopoldo Mandic.

João Paulo Schmitt Lopes
Cirurgião bucomaxilofacial – UFPR; Mestrando em CTBMF – FOA/Unesp.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1052-9680

Marcos Eduardo Gomes Alves
Mestre em CTBMF – FOA/Unesp.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1365-8499

Ynara Maria Gomes de Souza
Mestra e doutoranda em CTBMF – FOA/Unesp.
ORCID: https;//orcid.org/ 0009-0000-4540-1877

Daniela Pozoni
Doutora em CTBMF – FOA/Unesp.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5928-0914

Paulo Perri de Carvalho
Doutor em CTBMF – FOA/Unesp.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1775-3108

RESUMO

Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade do uso de enxerto de vidro bioativo (ActiveBone) associado à membrana biológica óssea absorvível de pericárdio bovino (Techgraft) na regeneração óssea de calvárias de ratos. Material e métodos: foram utilizados 20 ratos Wistar (Rattus Novergicus Albinus) machos com peso entre 300 g e 400 g, com 15 semanas de vida. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos – Grupo 1 (controle): foi realizado o defeito ósseo na calota craniana do animal e instalada a membrana biológica absorvível de pericárdio bovino. Na sequência, foi realizada sutura com pontos interrompidos; Grupo 2 (experimental): o defeito ósseo recebeu enxerto de vidro bioativo e foi coberto com membrana biológica absorvível de pericárdio bovino, com posterior sutura. Após 30 e 60 dias, cinco animais de cada grupo foram eutanasiados, formando os subgrupos: controle 30 dias; controle 60 dias; experimental 30 dias; e experimental 60 dias. As calvárias foram removidas e preservadas. Após a microtomia, as lâminas foram coradas pela hematoxilina e eosina, e realizadas as análises microscópica e histomorfométrica. Resultados: após 30 e 60 dias, o defeito ósseo provocado nos animais apresentou neoformação óssea por toda a sua extensão, tanto no grupo-controle quanto no grupo experimental. Todavia, não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos. Conclusão: os resultados microscópicos e histomorfométricos permitiram concluir que o vidro bioativo associado à membrana biológica absorvível de pericárdio bovino pode ser considerado um material osteocondutivo, visto que foi efetivo no reparo ósseo de defeitos críticos de calvária de ratos.

Palavras-chave – Regeneração óssea; Materiais biocompatíveis; Substitutos ósseos.

ABSTRACT

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of bioactive glass graft (ActiveBone) associated with an absorbable bovine pericardium bone membrane (Techgraft) in bone regeneration of rat calvaria. Material and methods: twenty Wistar male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus), weighing between 300 and 400 grams and aged 15 weeks, were used. The animals were randomly divided into two groups – Group 1 (control): a bone defect was created in the animal’s calvaria, followed by placement of the absorbable bovine pericardium membrane and closure with interrupted sutures; Group 2 (experimental): the bone defect was filled with bioactive glass graft and covered with the absorbable bovine pericardium membrane, followed by suturing. After 30 and 60 days, five animals from each group were euthanized, resulting in the following subgroups: control 30 days, control 60 days, experimental 30 days, and experimental 60 days. The calvaria were harvested and preserved. After microtomy, the slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and microscopic and histomorphometric analyses were performed. Results: after 30 and 60 days, the bone defect in both groups exhibited new bone formation throughout its extent, with no statistically significant differences between them. Conclusion: microscopic and histomorphometric findings indicated that bioactive glass associated with the absorbable bovine pericardium membrane can be considered an osteoconductive material, as it was effective in the repair of critical-size calvarial defects in rats.

Keywords – Bone regeneration; Biocompatible materials; Bone substitutes.

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